Snow globes have brought wonder and whimsy to the world since the 19th century - but how? How are those enchanting little scenes and swirling snowfall effects made, and how does it all work inside the globe?

Whether you’re simply curious about these charming decorations or looking to stock them in your store and need some background info first - this blog is for you. We’re exploring what snow globes are made of, how they’re made, their history, and more.

The Components of a Snow Globe

A snow globe has three main elements: the dome, the liquid, and the base. The dome, which was traditionally made of glass, provides a clear, durable enclosure that protects the scene inside. Most modern snow globes, however, use high-quality acrylic, which is lighter, much more resistant to breakage, and easier to produce in bulk.

Inside the dome, if there’s a decorative scene, it’s typically molded from resin or plastic and painted in fine detail to enhance its visual appeal. Adventa’s customizable photo snow domes, instead of a little scene, feature a slot to slide a photo into - so you can create your own personalized decorations, gifts, or promotional items.

Like the rest of the globe, the base serves both functional and aesthetic purposes. It provides a flat surface so the globe can stand upright without toppling over due to its rounded shape. It also supports the scene or photo slot; some even include a compartment for music boxes or LED lighting. The base can also be decorative, sometimes matching the scene inside, or made from painted wood or metal to add to the festive feel.

What’s Inside a Snow Globe?

One of the most fascinating aspects of a snow globe is its swirling snowfall. So how does it swirl and fall so softly? The secret lies in the liquid. This is usually a mixture of water and glycerin or glycol, which thickens the liquid slightly and slows the descent of the snowflakes for that soft, drifting effect. Some formulas even include antifreeze agents to prevent freezing in colder temperatures.

A snow globe's fake snow is generally made from lightweight plastic, mica flakes, or ceramic particles. These materials are chosen because they float and fall in a way that mimics real snow, creating that mesmerizing effect that makes snow globes so beloved.

A Brief History of Snow Globes

Wondering who invented the snow globe? Interestingly, this festive favorite was accidentally created in the early 1900s when an Austrian surgical instrument maker, Erwin Perzy, tried to improve the brightness of a surgical lamp. Experimenting with water-filled glass spheres and reflective metal particles, he noticed the suspended flakes looked like falling snow. He then filled the globe with semolina and, when he gave it a shake, saw the magic of a Viennese winter.

Recognizing the decorative potential, Perzy and his family began producing snow globes commercially, and they quickly became popular as souvenirs and holiday gifts. It was Erwin Perzy II who connected these globes with Christmas after World War II. Since then, though their designs have evolved, their appeal and popularity have remained strong.

When Snow Globes Go Wrong

Over time, snow globes can develop issues that affect their appearance. A common problem is yellowing, usually caused by prolonged exposure to sunlight, which degrades the liquid and plastic materials inside. The breakdown of glycerin or other additives can also cause discoloration. To help prevent yellowing, it’s best to store snow globes in a cool, shaded area.

Another issue is cloudiness, which can result from bacterial growth, material degradation, or air bubbles forming inside the globe. Once the liquid becomes cloudy, it’s hard to restore clarity, as most snow globes are sealed. Occasionally, gently shaking the globe may help redistribute particles and temporarily improve visibility, but most cloudiness is irreversible.

What Happens if a Snow Globe Breaks?

If a snow globe breaks, the liquid inside will spill out - and in some cases, it may contain antifreeze chemicals. Clean-up should be handled with care, especially around pets or small children.

First, carefully dispose of any broken glass or acrylic, and use paper towels to soak up the liquid - avoiding direct contact with your skin, just in case antifreeze is present. Then wipe the area again with a damp cloth and cleaning solution.

If you’re especially attached to the decorative elements inside, you might be able to repurpose them for crafts or keepsakes. However, due to their sealed construction, most broken snow globes can’t be repaired.