Snow globes have brought wonder and whimsy to the world since the 19th century, but how? How are their enchanting little scenes and swirling snowfall effects made, and how does it all work inside the globe?

Whether you’re simply curious about these charming decorations or want to stock them in your store and need the background info first - this blog is for you. We’re exploring what snow globes are made of, how they're made, their history, and more. 

The Components of a Snow Globe

A snow globe has three main elements: the dome, the liquid, and the base. The dome, which was traditionally made of glass, provides a clear, durable enclosure that protects the scene inside. Most modern snow globes, however, use high-quality acrylic, which is lighter, much more resistant to breakage, and easier to produce in bulk. 

Inside the dome, if there is a decorative scene, it’s typically molded from resin or plastic and painted in fine detail to enhance its visual appeal. Adventa’s personalisable photo snow domes, instead of a little scene, feature a slot to slide a photo into, so you can create your own customised decorations, gifts or promotional products.

Like the rest of the globe, the base serves both functional and aesthetic purposes. Of course, it provides a nice flat surface, so the globe can sit without toppling over due to its general roundness. It also provides a surface for the scene or photo slot; some even include a compartment for music boxes or LED lighting. The base can also be part of the decoration, as some are decorated according to the scene inside, and others are metal or decorated wood, to add to the festive atmosphere.

What’s Inside a Snow Globe?

One of the most fascinating aspects of a snow globe is its swirling snowfall. So how does it do its swirling thing, and fall so softly? Well, the trick lies in the liquid. This is usually a mixture of water and glycerin or glycol, which thickens the liquid slightly, slowing the descent of the snowflakes for a graceful, drifting effect. Some formulations even include antifreeze agents to prevent freezing in colder temperatures. 

A snow globe's fake snow is generally made from lightweight plastic, mica flakes, or ceramic particles. These materials are chosen because they float and fall in a way that mimics real snowfall, creating the mesmerising effect that makes snow globes so appealing.

A Brief History of Snow Globes

Wondering who invented the snow globe? Funny enough, this festive favourite was inadvertently invented in the 1900s when an Austrian surgical instrument maker, Erwin Perzy, tried to improve the brightness of a surgical lamp. Experimenting with water-filled glass spheres and reflective metal particles, he noticed that the suspended flakes resembled falling snow. He then filled the globe with semolina and, when he gave it a shake, saw the magic of winter in Vienna. 

Recognising the decorative potential, Perzy and his family began producing snow globes commercially, and they quickly became popular as souvenirs and holiday gifts. It was Erwin Perzy II who linked these globes to Christmas after World War II. Since then, though their designs have evolved, their appeal and popularity remain unchanged.  

When Snow Globes Go Wrong

Over time, snow globes may develop issues that affect their appearance. One common problem is yellowing, often caused by prolonged exposure to sunlight, which degrades the liquid and plastic materials inside. The breakdown of glycerin or other additives in the liquid can also contribute to discoloration. To prevent this unpleasant yellowing, it’s best to keep snow globes in a shaded, cool spot.

Another issue is cloudiness, which can result from bacterial growth, material degradation, or air bubbles forming inside the globe. Once the liquid becomes cloudy, restoring it can be difficult, as most snow globes are sealed shut. Occasionally, gently shaking the globe can help redistribute particles and temporarily improve clarity, but in most cases, cloudiness can’t be changed. 

What Happens if a Snow Globe Breaks?

If a snow globe shatters, the liquid inside will spill out, which, in some cases, may contain antifreeze chemicals. Cleanup should be handled carefully, especially if pets or small children are close by. 

First, carefully dispose of the broken glass or acrylic, and then clean up the liquid with paper towels, so it doesn’t come into contact with your skin (just in case of anti-freeze). Then, use a damp cloth with a cleaning agent to go over the spill again. 

If you’re very fond of the decorative elements in your globe, these can sometimes be repurposed for crafts or keepsakes. However, due to their sealed construction, most broken snow globes can’t be repaired.